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MEASUREMENT OF THE ABSOLUTE VELOCITY OF EARTH

ABSTRACT

PACS: 03.30 + P

Multi day interferential experiments with the use of radio waves of super high frequency band have revealed anisotropy of the space properties, connected with the motion of Earth relatively to physical vacuum with the speed of 700 ± 50 km/s in direction having the following astronomical longitude - α = 12^h ± 1^h .

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The principal idea of the experiment consists in determination of functional relationship between the value of time interval for movement of light between two points, located on the Earth surface on the “West-East” line, and time of measurement. Such connection comes from the theory of ether (or the physical vacuum), connected with the orbital motion of Earth around of the Sun and with the Earth’s daily rotation. Both of these motions commonly lead to the fact that projection of the planet’s orbital speed vector on the direct line connecting the points depends on the time of the day. This circumstance in turn leads to changes of actual light of speed in the frame of reference connected with the planet at its propagation between the points and consequently to the change of its time intervals. Theoretically, in the first approximation, dependence of the time intervals change ∆ t from the planet’s angular displacement can be determined under the following formula

(1),

Where: ℓ - the distance between watches, ν - speed of the planet’s motions with respect to physical vacuum, c – light propagation speed with respect to physical vacuum, and φ – planet’s angular displacement, with respect to the zero meridian and observer meridian (star time).

With the aim for determining this type of relationship within the day, measurements of the specified time intervals shall be preformed in strictly fixed hours of the same day. For this purpose, flashes of light shall be sequentially performed in one point and in equal time intervals. Registration of flashes were performed in another point, time intervals between flashes of light were also measured. It is worth mentioning that realization of the specified consecutive measurements abolishes necessity in synchronization of watches, intended for measuring speed of light. Indeed, arrival of the first flash of light represents a signal for launching the countdown of the time intervals, which will be lasted until the second flash of light. Identical clock rate (pace), which determines the accuracy of these measurements, is the determinative (significant) feature of such experiment. Numerical calculations show that proof of the light speed anisotropy, which may be different depending on the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun with the speed of 30 kilometers per second, for example at the distance between experimental watches of 300 meters, may be determined on conditions of the accuracy of measurement, equal to 10-10 seconds.

Besides experiments with direct measurements, the researches have also performed indirect (mediate) measurements, which allow measuring physical values proportional to these intervals. For example, the usage of two independent sources of light or radio waves of the high time coherence, located in the same points, is also possible. Displacement of interferential figure strips, representing the sum of emissions in the point of observation will be considered as the registered physical value. For example, when the emission from the source of light, located in the first point hits the second point and interferes with emission of the second source of radio waves. In this case, the specified measurements of the time intervals between flashes are identified with measurements in the phase of interfering waves. This provision refers to both laser sources of light and quantum amplifiers of radio waves - maser oscillators. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the experiment J.P.Cedarholm, and C.H.Townes with the use of two masers (1). Oscillator’s frequencies, located in immediate proximity to each other, have made 23870 MHz. Random fluctuations in the measurements of relative frequencies of both masers have made 1/10 Hz. During the long observation period (almost during thee month time interval), average relative oscillator’s frequency has been changed lesser than on 1/1012. This experiment has proved high time coherence of two maser oscillators. The authors have performed this experiment for determining absolute velocity of Earth through measuring frequency of oscillators’ emissions, considering their movement relatively to physical vacuum i.e. based on the Doppler’s principle. Result of the mentioned experiment was negative, as the determined variations of oscillator’s frequencies were two times lower than the computed value. It is worth mentioning that results of the aforementioned experiment were not sudden and fully met the conception of the Doppler’s principle formation mechanism. i.e. in concordance with principles of waves processes’ kinematics proceeding in the continuums. Indeed for the source and receiver of radiation, moving with equal speed relatively to wave process propagation media (i.e. on condition when distance between the source and receiver of radiation remains constant), change of the radiation frequency in this frame of reference is basically impossible. This explains “zero” result of the aforementioned experiment. However, if the distance between two masers would be not less than 150 meters, than 12 hours observation of interferential figure of their emissions would result in their displacement on one strip for the value of orbital velocity of our planet equal to 30 km/sec.

In super high frequency band such experiment could be performed with the use of less expensive measuring equipment, for example well studied traditional radio waves oscillators, such as reflection oscillators (klystrons), magnetrons, travelling-wave tubes and other electronic devices, having greater time coherence, as their initial radiation phase does not change during all time of waves generation. However, this arise another problem – the problem of generators radiating frequency similarity and its stabilization during the whole experiment. Let us notice that the well-known radio electronic devices –the system of the radio devices frequency quartz stabilization, have already found successful decision of the given problem. Exactly the deep stabilization of the radio waves generator’s frequencies provides technical ability for creation of the waves’ sources, having practically equal generation’s frequency, thus allowing comparing phases of the two waves within several days. Stability of radio waves frequency, produced by the modern radio devices, equipped with the system of quartz stabilization, in particular by klystrons generators, characterized by correlation of the interval change maximal value to such frequency, observed during the day, reaches values, lesser than 10-12 - 10-10. The described experiment included application of thermo stabilized klystrons generators of radio waves (in the intervals from 10 to 40 degrees of Celsius) (having total wavelength of 3 centimeters), equipped with the frequency quartz stabilization system. The radio wave, generated by the oscillator, located in the first point was received by the radio receiver in the second point, while the phase of this wave was compared to the phase of wave of another klystron generator, located in the very same second point. Changes of the radio waves phases difference has been identified with change of time, used by the radio wave for passage of the very same way at various times of the day.

Practically the experiment was carried out in the following way. The radio wave, generated by the first generator, being received in the second point, was amplified and normalized on the amplitude and then moved to the phase detector. The phase detector – the mixing pentode, had two inputs, one of which was exposed to voltage from radio waves, received from the generator, located in the first point. The second input was exposed to voltage coming from the second klystron generator, located next to it, in the second point. The mixing pentode generated a variable signal (beat), which form and amplitude was directly depend on the difference of frequencies and displacement of the voltage fluctuating phases, supplied to both of inputs. The signal generated by the mixing pentode was directed on the measuring condenser and charge it. The condenser was charged within 7 seconds (7X1010 of the full radio waves period), then it was disconnected from pentode and exposed to measurement of voltage on its plates within the following 3 seconds. Then the value of the digit current, flowing through the strictly normalized resistance, closing its plates during the measurement of voltage on its plates. After the control closing of the condenser’s plates (complete nullification of the condenser), it was again connected to the pentode. Record of data was carried out on the tape recorder, with indication of the time of measurement. All of the mentioned above operations were carried out in automatic regime with the help of device generating commands from impulse meters, supplying from the quartz generator of frequency. Summation of signal within 7 seconds (7X1010 of the full radio waves period), has allowed normalizing the signal’s value (revealing its systematic value, independent from the time of measurement), occurring as a result of discrepancy of adjusted frequencies of generators, as well as averaging its value from any unaccounted stochastic processes, flowing in electronic equipment. It is worth mentioning that the use of pentode results in appearance of minimal and maximal anode current at the change of phase of one interfering wave on the value equal to half-period.

Totally, we have conducted four types of daily experiments. The firs type consisted from the series of experiments, which provided placement of both devices in the very same place. In this case, coincidence of the oscillators’ frequencies was achieved with the help of phase inverter (phase changer), positioned between the pentode and the second klystron. Results were checked by its influence on the value of anode klystron current. Equality of oscillators’ frequencies was accepted in cases, if the anode current was changed at the change of the wave’s phase for 1/10 of the period. . Other experiments do not require usage of phase inverter.
During second type of experiments the devices were moved from each other on the distance of 300 meters, under the line east-west, in the third type of experiment the devices were moved apart on the distance of 750 meters, in the forth one – on 1,5 kilometers away from each other. Each of experiments provided continuous measurement during 24 hours in the interval of 10 seconds. Portable generator has produced electromagnetic waves trough the specially directed antenna. Other similar antenna and the receiver of direct amplification used to receive this signal. They have been located in base point, next to location of the second generator, phase detector, measuring and recording equipment. Conduction of these experiments have allowed to reveal the measuring frequencies of voltage and current of measuring condenser for distances of 300, 750 and 1500 meters differ from each other only on the periodical daily dynamics of voltage, having different numbers of maximums and minimums. Its number directly depends on the distances between the devices. Experiments, during which klystrons generators were located in the very same place, periodical daily dynamics of voltage and current of measuring condenser have not been revealed, and maximal “noise” amplitude of these values has made approximately 15-17% from maximal amplitude when the devices were moved apart on the specified distances. On the distance of 300 meters, daily measurements have revealed 187 maximums, on the distance of 750 meters this number has made 467 and on 1500 meters – 933 maximums correspondingly. Number of maximums per unit of observation time (for example, during one hour) was different during 24 hours. Time for origination of minimal number of maximums per unit of time corresponds to astronomic coordinates of direct ascension α = 12h ± 1h, and 24h ± 1h. This direction is parallel to direct line connecting constellations of Aquarius and Pisces with the borders of constellations of Lion and Virgo. The second astronomical coordinate (declination) has not been determined. Number of maximums calculated for the specified time interval (12 hours) as well as practically direct proportional dependence of their number on the increased distances between generators has allowed making a conclusion, that planet moves in the specified direction with absolute speed of 700 ± 50 km/s.

Literature:

1. Cedarholm J.P., Bland G.F., Havens B.L., Townes C.H. // Phys. Rev. Let. 1958. IVol.l. P.342.

Publishing date: September 21, 2008

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WE CHANGE THE FUTURE МЫ МЕНЯЕМ БУДУЩЕЕ

WE CHANGE THE FUTURE
^{МЫ МЕНЯЕМ БУДУЩЕЕ}